The findings that IGF‐1 deficiency promotes the pathogenesis of CMHs by exacerbating hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular oxidative stress and MMP activation and leading to structural and functional (Toth et al., 2014) maladaptation to hypertension (Fig. 4E) have important clinical relevance for the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and gait abnormalities in elderly hypertensive patients. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Hypertension.