[Pyr1]apelin-13(1–12)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was detected in vascular (Figure 4A) and endocardial (Figure 4B) endothelium identified by positive staining with vWF (Figure 4C) in sections of human cardiomyopathy heart, where ACE2 expression has been reported to be increased (Zisman et al., 2003; Goulter et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene APLN and cardiomyopathy.