1999; Guan and Breyer 2001), and their agonists have shown renoprotective effects in type 2 diabetes. Although PPARα and ‐γ agonists have shown some promise as treatments for DN (Keech et al. 2005; Sarafidis et al. 2010), their adverse side effects can include fluid retention, increased risk of myocardial infarction (Nesto et al. 2003), and elevated serum creatinine levels (McQuade et al. 2008); although the latter is often short‐lived and reversible (Mychaleckyj et al. 2012). Here, PPARA is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.