INS and Hyperinsulinemia: Fasting serum insulin levels were measured in 8-week-old offspring and, consistent with our previous findings, the offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic compared to the offspring of control dams (Fig. 5a; p = 0.0052), and importantly, exercise intervention in the obese dams prevented the development of this programmed hyperinsulinemia in the male offspring (Fig. 5a; Obese vs. Obese-exercised p = 0.0249).