Consistently, mRNA transcripts of the IL-12 receptor and numerous cytokines, including MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IFN-β and GM-CSF, were significantly lower in CD8+ T cells enriched from the blood as compared to non-CD8+ cells of stat1loxP/loxP/Vav-cre mice at day 3 post infection (Fig. 5e,f and Supplementary Fig. 4b). Here, VAV1 is linked to infection.