In non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, a deficiency of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 (5) or the MyD88 adaptor molecule (6) correlated with protection from developing T1D, yet TLR2−/− (7) and MyD88−/− (8) mice are susceptible to T1D induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.