HLA-B and AIDS: Genetic screening for HLA-B*57:01 and subsequent treatment modifications have been shown to reduce incidence of life-threatening hypersensitivity to abacavir in HIV/AIDS patients carrying the allele (Hughes et al., 2008; Mallal et al., 2008) and HLA-B*15:02 to carbamazepine in Southeast Asian carriers (Amstutz et al., 2014).