The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/HO-1-antioxidant pathway was activated in ischemia-reperfusion-induced rat retinal damage, and this activation led to better preservation of ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL; Varga et al., 2013; He et al., 2014). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is ischemia.