Furthermore, our findings indicate a pre–dominance of E. coli ESBL/FQ (Table 1), it might therefore be interesting to characterize these E. coli-isolates isolated from male HP further for expression of pathogenicity factors, e.g. type 1 fimbriae (fimH), pili associated with pyelonephritis (pap), S and F1C fimbriae (sfa and foc), afimbrial adhesins (afa), cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf), hemolysin (hly) or aerobactin (aer) using molecular techniques [23] and subsequently compare these findings with isolates collected from HN. The gene discussed is NPHS1; the disease is pyelonephritis.