EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Examples for treatment directed by mutation analysis include the use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) carrying specific Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations [3], or treatment of colorectal cancer with anti-EGFR therapy in cases without KRAS gene mutations [4].