We used immunostaining for galectin-3, which is an anti-apoptotic lectin that regulates cyclin D1 and C-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) expression and promotes tumour growth and metastasis,26, 27 as it has been reported to have a sensitivity of >95% and specificity of 90% for pathological diagnosis of PC in man.28, 29 Uterine neoplasms were found in ~33% of Cdc73+/− females (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and pachyonychia congenita.