Meanwhile, we found that the phosphorylated levels of TGFBR1, Smad2 and Smad3 and the nuclear levels of Smad2/Smad3 were markedly increased in the SMC4-overexpressing glioma cells but decreased in the SMC4-silenced cells (Figures 6e–f). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and central nervous system cancer.