Renal TGF-β expression is increased in experimental UUO [83, 103, 105, 107, 119–121] and children with PUJO, being positively correlated with the histopathologic grade, radioisotope drainage half time (t1/2) and post-void washout and negatively correlated with pre-operative differential renal function [73, 122]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney.