ELF2 and breast carcinoma: It was previously reported that ELF2 transactivates valosin‐containing protein (VCP, which was shown to be associated with antiapoptotic function and metastasis via activation of nuclear factor kappa‐B signaling pathway) gene through binding to both upstream and downstream motifs of the conserved region of VCP promoter, and promotes growth and metastasis of breast cancer 20, 21.