Intravesicular modalities like Alum infusion, formalin, phenol in various concentrations may also be used.11,24-28 Hydronephrosis and urethral stricture were reported as the complications of latter methods.29 Some studies suggested that the use of rh GM-CSF, sodium hyaluronate, and progtoglandin E1 could be successful options, even though safety and efficacy of none of them have been established.9-12 Another proposed treatment alternative for HC is conjugated estrogen, based on some reports. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is Urethral stricture.