It would be of interest to examine whether exogenous stromal derived factor SDF-1, shown to promote anti-inflammatory monocyte recruitment and stimulate vascular remodeling [53], and/or angiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF [54], sphingocine-1-phosphate [55]), could help more effectively rescue the osteogenesis of diabetic BMSCs in vitro and in vivo in the presence of hyperglycemia. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and Hyperglycemia.