PAX4 and diabetes mellitus: Moreover, mutations in PAX4 have been associated, not only with the development of T2DM and with one of the Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) subtypes, MODY9 in East Asian families [10,11], but also with ketosis prone diabetes in individuals of West African origin and with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in some European populations.