The associations between zonulin levels and higher waist circumference, as well as elevated blood pressure and glucose levels, are in accordance with previous smaller studies which have shown that zonulin correlates with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), systolic blood pressure, and insulin resistance [13,14,20]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Insulin resistance.