To test this hypothesis, we over-expressed FLAG-tagged wild-type Nix using lentivirus (Fig. 4A) in fibroblast lines derived from three Parkin- (Parkin MT1, MT2 and MT3) and two PINK1- (PINK1 MT1 and MT2) related early-onset PD patients. The gene discussed is BNIP3L; the disease is Parkinson disease.