To address whether MGDAs play a role in promoting breast tumour malignancy, a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF7 and MDA-MB-361) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR3) breast cancer cell lines were used for soft agar colony formation assays with MGDAs co-cultured in the bottom layer. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast carcinoma.