DRD4 antagonists suppress the PDGF receptor-β/ERK1/2 (p44/p42-MAPK) signaling axis and disrupt autophagy flux in GBM stem cells, leading to apoptosis via caspase-3-mediated cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [114]. The gene discussed is DRD4; the disease is glioblastoma.