INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A number of oral anti-diabetic agents have been tested in clinical trials as insulin adjuncts for management of T1DM, including thiazolidinediones (TZDs), biguanides, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sodium glucose co-transport-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.