MANF and Parkinson disease: Notably, the apparent unspecificity of these localization patterns suggests that similar uptake mechanisms could likely be seen for the CDNF homolog MANF, and some of them could be involved in the therapeutic effects MANF has in models of PD and cerebral ischemia (Airavaara et al., 2009; Voutilainen et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2014).