PDCD1 and ovarian carcinoma: Consistent with the observations that both Tregs and inhibitory molecules contribute to the immune suppression in ovarian carcinoma, high levels of miR-424(322), which targets the PD-1:PD-L1 and CTLA4:B7 pathways, displayed a synergistic antitumor effect with chemotherapy by activating CD8+ T cells and reducing Treg infiltration in the mouse model (177).