TNF and musculoskeletal system disorder: Osteoarthritis, one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, affecting approximately 15% of the population [1], is characterized by irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and bone erosion, induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α).