INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Similar results were obtained for metabolic syndrome and type-2-diabetes as age-related conditions [35–39], supporting a novel ‘vascular paradigm’ of insulin resistance, i.e. an attenuation of insulin-mediated recruitment of capillary exchange surface and transendothelial insulin transport as rate limiting steps for insulin (and glucose) delivery to skeletal muscle [36, 39–45].