TNF and infection: While the levels of double-positive (IFN-γ+TNF-α+, TNF-α+IL-2+ and IFN-γ+IL-2+) and triple-positive (IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+) CD4+ T cells in the lung cells of immunised mice did not differ significantly upon PPD stimulation (Supplementary Fig. S2a), stimulation with Rv3131 at 4 and 10 weeks post-infection resulted in an Ag-specific increase in the levels of double-positive and triple-positive CD4+ T cells in the Rv3131/GLA-SE-immunised group relative to the GLA-SE-immunised group (Fig. 5a).