Variables significantly associated with dialysis initiation in the univariate analysis (P < 0.05) as well as variables deemed clinically relevant, which included age, sex, smoking status, use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade, monthly eGFR level, monthly Hb level, MAP, body mass index (BMI), primary glomerular disease (as an etiology for CKD), DM (as a comorbidity), ischemic heart disease (as a comorbidity), log urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR), and serum uric acid level, were forced into the multivariate Cox regression model (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2). This evidence concerns the gene REN and chronic kidney disease.