CD274 and neoplasm: On the other hand, immunohistochemistry study using tumor specimens from 90 rectal cancer patients after nCRT suggested that patients with high PD-L1 expression after nCRT more frequently had vascular invasion and tumor recurrence compared to patients with low PD-L1 expression, and high PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free and overall survival (p = 0.003 and p = 0.036, respectively) [83].