Indeed, short term (2–3 weeks) of intensive insulin treatment results in improved beta-cell function in patients with new-onset or long-standing T2D (Turner et al., 1976; Garvey et al., 1985; Glaser et al., 1988; Ilkova et al., 1997; Li et al., 2004; Ryan et al., 2004). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.