TNF and gout: Some signatures of metabolome in male gout patients have been reported being involving in inflammation, such as acetate that regulates T cells, IL-8, TNF-α and 1L-1β through binding GPR43 (Vieira et al., 2015), succinate that induces IL-1β through HIF-1α (Tannahill et al., 2013) and glucose that regulates T cell activation (Jacobs et al., 2008).