Activation of NF-κB signaling during HCMV infection is initiated by viral binding and entry (8, –, 10), and many groups have demonstrated that NF-κB signaling is required for efficient transactivation of the major immediate early promoter (MIEP) of HCMV (11, –, 15), especially in quiescent cells (16). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and cytomegalovirus infection.