Transcript levels for IL-6 (Fig. 7C) and CCL5 (Fig. 7D) are reduced in cells infected with the shRNA-expressing virus compared to the parent miR-US5-1/miR-UL112-3p mutant virus, strongly suggesting that the lack of miRNA targeting of IKKα and IKKβ is responsible for the increase in cytokine transcript levels observed during infection with the miRNA mutant virus. The gene discussed is CHUK; the disease is infection.