CA II is a highly active isoenzyme involved in much total CA activity in a number of tissues. CA I and/or II autoantibodies have recently been demonstrated in various pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren’s syndrome) and carcinomas (lung, colon, and prostate). The gene discussed is CA1; the disease is carcinoma.