On bivariate analysis (Table 1) multiple factors were associated with a high baseline HIV VL, including male gender (p <0.001), low body weight (p <0.001), history of TB (p <0.001), low CD4 cell count (p <0.001), current OI (p <0.001), advanced clinical stage (p <0.001), and cigarette smoking (p = 0.004). Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.