The INS-VNTR I/I genotype prevailed in patients with T1D (60.7% × 32.2% of controls) and the PTPN22-1858T: CT + TT pooled genotypes (19.0% of T1D patients × 10.6% of controls), which confer susceptibility to T1D, even after correcting for population stratification. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.