For examples, fos and mecom, which are oncogenes involved in proliferation and differentiation, have been reported to promote HCC when overexpressed52, 53; pparg, which was down-regulated in DEN and up-regulated in DEN+DR (data not shown), is a gene responsible for coding protein PPARγ that has been proved to protect aginst hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis and inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo studies54, 55, 56. Here, MECOM is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.