The population of NK1.1+ CD49b+ NK cells was further increased after cancer inoculation, resulting in a 10-fold increase in NK1.1+ CD49b+ NK cells in the peripheral blood and lung and a 3-fold increase in the spleen compared with the tumour-bearing Smad3+/+ mice (Supplementary Fig.3B,C). The gene discussed is SMAD3; the disease is neoplasm.