MMP9 and neoplasm: Furthermore, systemic treatment of SIS3 also significantly altered the tumour-friendly microenvironment, including suppression on angiogenesis (VEGF expression and CD31+ vessels) and tumour-invasive factors (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13 and CXCR4) (Fig. 7b–d, Supplementary Fig. 12B–D).