In the present study, with the use of a mouse model of ALI after influenza, we elucidate the functions of IL-6 in regulating the balance among fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells by stabilizing extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and in recovery from lung injury probably through suppressing TGF-β production. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.