PLC/PRF/5 (HBV-positive) (Fig. 1A,B,E), Huh-7 (HBV-negative) (Fig. 1C,D,F) and several other HCC cells (including Hep3B and Sk-Hep-1, data not shown) became unhealthy after infection with lentiviruses expressing Pin1 shRNA, as compared with scrambled shRNA. Here, PIN1 is linked to infection.