While the expression of flagellin is up-regulated in late stage infections (Molmeret et al., 2010), flagellin-deficient Legionella species (e.g., ΔflaA L. pneumophila or WT L. longbeachae, which is naturally deficient in flagellin; Cazalet et al., 2010), are still able to efficiently kill macrophages in the late stages of infection, suggesting that this is not mediated via flagellin/caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is infection.