Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes used to silence NLRC5 in human myeloid THP-1 cells and human primary monocytes significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β in response to Escherichia coli infection compared to control cells due to reduced caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation (33). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is escherichia coli infection.