Consequently, NSCLC patients with a proportion of CD8+CD28− T cells of less than 24% and a CD4/CD8 ratio >2 determined after front-line standard chemotherapy and prior to vaccination with CIMAvax-EGF achieved a median survival superior by almost 20 months to that of vaccinated patients with more than 24% of CD8+CD28− T cells and a CD4/CD8 ratio <2. Here, CD4 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.