Studies from the last decade have repeatedly outlined that genetic disruptions of SHANK3 in humans are of upmost clinical relevance as they can lead to various neuropsychiatric disorders including the PMS, a complex neurodevelopmental condition and syndromic autism variant, non-syndromic ASD and ID (Durand et al., 2007; Betancur and Buxbaum, 2013; Kleijer et al., 2014; Leblond et al., 2014). The gene discussed is SHANK3; the disease is autism.