CXCR4 and cancer: This hypothesis is reinforced by recent reports demonstrating that, in addition to classical EMT inducers, CXCR4's ligand, CXCL12, drives Twist-dependent EMT-like events in human glioblastoma cells (Yao et al., 2016), as well as EMT in numerous peripheral cancers (Hu et al., 2014; Li et al., 2014; Roccaro et al., 2015) and UT's ligand, urotensin II, promotes the expression of EMT markers in renal tubular epithelial cells (Pang et al., 2016).