Given that curcumin may protect against linoleic acid- and leptin-induced inflammatory stimuli, we assessed the ex vivo modulatory effects of curcumin on human immune cells and its potential protective effects against NAFLD progression in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.