PLA2R1 and hepatitis B virus infection: Although PLA2R autoimmunity is considered to be rare in secondary membranous nehropathy, it was detected in 6/23 patients including 2 with sarcoidosis and 1 with hepatitis B. Such associations which have already been described [22–24] suggest that immunological perturbations associated with these two diseases might trigger PLA2R autoimmunity although a fortuitous coincidence cannot be excluded.