Although Lf may modulate inflammation by inhibiting the growth of pathogens through the iron chelating ability of apo-Lf, the iron-free form of Lf used in most studies, assays based on the murine typhoid model showed that pharmaceutical formulation of iron-saturated bLf (holo-bLf) enclosed in nanocapsules displayed both antimicrobial activity and modulatory properties on the inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene LTF and typhoid fever.