EGR1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Calogero et al.27 reported that EGR1 levels are suppressed in glioblastoma (n = 31) compared to normal brain tissue while Mittelbronn et al. 28 found that EGR1 was upregulated in all grades of astrocytomas compared to normal glial cells in situ, we show using a larger number of samples (n = 256) that EGR1 mRNA levels vary greatly between different tumors and are highly expressed in many samples.