SPDEF and prostate cancer: SPDEF has been reported to be overexpressed and to promote tumor growth in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers (Ghadersohi & Sood, 2001; Gunawardane et al, 2005; Rodabaugh et al, 2007; Sood et al, 2007; Buchwalter et al, 2013), while paradoxically SPDEF has also been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in breast, ovarian, prostate, and colon cancers (Feldman et al, 2003; Gu et al, 2007; Ghadersohi et al, 2008; Turner et al, 2008; Noah et al, 2013; Cheng et al, 2014).