Based on an inverse correlation between Nod2 transcript levels and the intracellular survival of Leishmania infantum in macrophages [150], it has been proposed that Nod2 might also play a role in host defense against Leishmania. By contrast, Nod2 has virtually no impact on the outcome of the infections with T. cruzi [151] and C. albicans [152], although chitin particles from the commensal yeast C. albicans induce IL-10 through Nod2 and TLR9 pathways [153]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is infection.